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Compact用于定时对远端对象存储中的历史数据块进行下采样，提升在做大时间跨度查询时的速度。由于Compact的设计是非并发安全的，因此只能单例部署。
下采样有三个主要的配置参数：
--retention.resolution-raw（单位：d，默认0d）
--retention.resolution-5m（单位：d，默认0d）
--retention.resolution-1h（单位：d，默认0d）
当开启raw之后，原有的历史数据会以该项所配置的时间长度保留于远端对象存储中，超过该时间的数据会被清理。
5m开启后会为每个存储时长大于40小时的块中开辟新的存储区域，将历史数据以5分钟为精度进行下采样，以该项所配置的时间长度存储于远端对象存储中。
1h开启后会为每个存储时长大于10天的块中开辟新的存储区域，将历史数据以1小时为间隔进行下采样，以该项所配置的时间长度存储于远端对象存储中。
下采样的实现方式是以外部标签为分组，以数据块为单位，以采样精度为取值区间在原有的数据块中取指标值保存到新建的下采样数据块中。
这三种采样的数据都是独立存储，相当于存了三份数据，因此并不能起到压缩存储空间的作用。默认情况下值为0d表示永久保留下采样数据。如果需要关闭下采样，也可以在启动时附加--debug.disable-downsampling参数。
usage: thanos compact [<flags>]
continuously compacts blocks in an object store bucket
Flags:
-h, --help Show context-sensitive help (also try --help-long
and --help-man).
--version Show application version.
--log.level=info Log filtering level.
--log.format=logfmt Log format to use. Possible options: logfmt or
json.
--tracing.config-file=<file-path>
Path to YAML file with tracing configuration. See
format details:
https://thanos.io/tracing.md/#configuration
--tracing.config=<content>
Alternative to 'tracing.config-file' flag (lower
priority). Content of YAML file with tracing
configuration. See format details:
https://thanos.io/tracing.md/#configuration
--http-address="0.0.0.0:10902"
Listen host:port for HTTP endpoints.
--http-grace-period=2m Time to wait after an interrupt received for HTTP
Server.
--data-dir="./data" Data directory in which to cache blocks and
process compactions.
--objstore.config-file=<file-path>
Path to YAML file that contains object store
configuration. See format details:
https://thanos.io/storage.md/#configuration
--objstore.config=<content>
Alternative to 'objstore.config-file' flag (lower
priority). Content of YAML file that contains
object store configuration. See format details:
https://thanos.io/storage.md/#configuration
--consistency-delay=30m Minimum age of fresh (non-compacted) blocks
before they are being processed. Malformed blocks
older than the maximum of consistency-delay and
48h0m0s will be removed.
--retention.resolution-raw=0d
How long to retain raw samples in bucket. Setting
this to 0d will retain samples of this resolution
forever
--retention.resolution-5m=0d
How long to retain samples of resolution 1 (5
minutes) in bucket. Setting this to 0d will
retain samples of this resolution forever
--retention.resolution-1h=0d
How long to retain samples of resolution 2 (1
hour) in bucket. Setting this to 0d will retain
samples of this resolution forever
-w, --wait Do not exit after all compactions have been
processed and wait for new work.
--downsampling.disable Disables downsampling. This is not recommended as
querying long time ranges without non-downsampled
data is not efficient and useful e.g it is not
possible to render all samples for a human eye
anyway
--block-sync-concurrency=20
Number of goroutines to use when syncing block
metadata from object storage.
--compact.concurrency=1 Number of goroutines to use when compacting
groups.
--selector.relabel-config-file=<file-path>
Path to YAML file that contains relabeling
configuration that allows selecting blocks. It
follows native Prometheus relabel-config syntax.
See format details:
https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#relabel_config
--selector.relabel-config=<content>
Alternative to 'selector.relabel-config-file'
flag (lower priority). Content of YAML file that
contains relabeling configuration that allows
selecting blocks. It follows native Prometheus
relabel-config syntax. See format details:
https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#relabel_config